This volume makes an important new contribution to our understanding of how water was distributed, regulated, and used by urban populations in premodern societies. This volume analyses water management in pre-1500 Middle Eastern cities. Managing access to fresh water for large numbers of people has always been great challenge. Nevertheless, premodern societies of the Middle East and North Africa were rather successful in providing water to city dwellers, pilgrims and travellers in and around large and highly populated cities such as Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad, Samarra, Basra, and Medina. The contributions to this volume delve into the question of how this was accomplished by examining the intersection between social institutions and the physical reality of water use. These studies analyse the identity and interactions between many different players and stakeholders in water management in cities. Who was responsible for the building, management and maintenance of different elements in premodern waters systems? Who had access to that water? The volume focuses on the sometimes fraught relationships between forces from “above”—central authorities, formal institutions and elites—and forces from “below”— more informal practices within local communities. This volume maps a wide variety of physical infrastructures related to water management to be found in densely populated or travelled areas. At the same time, it explores the multitude of social institutions which mediated the distribution of water to medieval urban and rural populaces. Thus, water management provides a microcosm for the wider mechanisms and evolutions of premodern urban governance and its interactions with rural hinterlands. By bringing together a wide range of scholars working on different aspects of these issues, in different contexts and at different times, this volume makes an important new contribution to our understanding of how water was distributed, regulated, and used by urban populations in premodern societies. This volume analyses water management in pre-1500 Middle Eastern cities. Managing access to fresh water for large numbers of people has always been great challenge. Nevertheless, premodern societies of the Middle East and North Africa were rather successful in providing water to city dwellers, pilgrims and travellers in and around large and highly populated cities such as Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad, Samarra, Basra, and Medina. The contributions to this volume delve into the question of how this was accomplished by examining the intersection between social institutions and the physical reality of water use. These studies analyse the identity and interactions between many different players and stakeholders in water management in cities. Who was responsible for the building, management and maintenance of different elements in premodern waters systems? Who had access to that water? The volume focuses on the sometimes fraught relationships between forces from “above”—central authorities, formal institutions and elites—and forces from “below”— more informal practices within local communities. This volume maps a wide variety of physical infrastructures related to water management to be found in densely populated or travelled areas. At the same time, it explores the multitude of social institutions which mediated the distribution of water to medieval urban and rural populaces. Thus, water management provides a microcosm for the wider mechanisms and evolutions of premodern urban governance and its interactions with rural hinterlands. By bringing together a wide range of scholars working on different aspects of these issues, in different contexts and at different times, this volume makes an important new contribution to our understanding of how water was distributed, regulated, and used by urban populations in premodern societies. Table of Contents; Preface and Acknowledgements; Chapter One. Introduction - Water Management in the Premodern Middle East: Forces from “Above” and “Below” - Josephine van den Bent, Maaike van Berkel, Edmund Hayes; Chapter Two. Water, Wealth, and Inequality in the Roman World. Forces from “Above” and “Below” - Nathalie de Haan; Chapter Three. Water Management in Early Islamic Medina: Infrastructure, Labour and Politics - Harry Munt; Chapter Four. An Environmental History of the Darb Zubayda: Towards a First Approximation - Peter J. Brown; Chapter Five. The Infrastructure of Purity: Plumbing Advice from Hadith and Early Fiqh - Edmund Hayes; Chapter Six. Baghdad’s System of Water Provision: Infrastructure, Maintenance, and Decline in the City’s First Two Centuries - Josephine van den Bent; Chapter Seven. Fighting over Water: Everyday Water Issues in Late Buyid and Early Seljuq Baghdad (5th/11th Centuries) - Vanessa Van Renterghem; Chapter Eight. Urban Crafts Associated with the Provision of Water in Islamic Syria - Marcus Milwright; Chapter Nine. Traditional Water Harvesting in Mamluk and Early Ottoman Bilād al-Shām: The Family Cistern - Bethany J. Walker; Chapter Ten. “From a Spring Where Allah’s Servants Will Drink”: Reassessing the Social Significance of Sabīls in Mamlūk-Era Cairo - Angela Isoldi; Chapter Eleven. Cairo’s Sabīls during Egypt’s Modern Period - Dina Ishak Bakhoum; Chapter Twelve. Afterword - Alan Mikhail; About the Authors